|
| Article Access Statistics | | | Viewed | 18617 | | | Printed | 746 | | | Emailed | 17 | | | PDF Downloaded | 91 | | | Comments | [Add] | | | Cited by others | 65 | | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Year : 2011
| Volume
: 13 | Issue : 52 | Page
: 251-259 |
|
| Relationship between noise annoyance from road traffic noise and cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis |
|
Ana Ndrepepa, Dorothee Twardella
Department of Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, München, Germany
Click here for correspondence address
and email
| Date of Web Publication | 29-Apr-2011 |
|
|
 |
|
|
Road traffic noise is an important source of noise annoyance in the community. We performed a meta-analysis to assess whether there is an association between noise annoyance from road traffic noise and cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease) in adult population. The meta-analysis included studies that: a. had noise annoyance as exposure, quantified either as "annoyed versus non-annoyed" or with various scales collected by standardized questionnaires; b. arterial hypertension or ischemic heart disease as outcome; c. had included only adult population (age >18 years); d. the studies had to have as effect size odds ratios or relative risk. From the individual studies those odds ratios were selected for meta-analysis which compared most distant categories. Eight studies that fulfilled criteria published between 1992 and 2006 were included in the meta-analysis: 6 studies had a cross-sectional design, 1 study had a case-control-design and 1 study had a cohort design. Increased annoyance was significantly associated with arterial hypertension (pooled risk estimate = 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.29) while the association with ischemic heart disease did not reach statistical significance (pooled risk estimate = 1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.99-1.14). No publication bias was evidenced. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated the existence of a positive and significant association between noise annoyance from road traffic and the risk of arterial hypertension and a positive yet insignificant association between noise annoyance and the risk of ischemic heart disease. Keywords: Arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, noise annoyance, road traffic
How to cite this article:
Ndrepepa A, Twardella D. Relationship between noise annoyance from road traffic noise and cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis. Noise Health 2011;13:251-9 |
| Introduction | |  |
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. [1] The traditional cardiovascular risk factors account for only half of the observed variance in the incidence of myocardial infarction. [2],[3] Noise is a ubiquitous companion in the human life and a major public health problem of modern times. In the European Union, approximately 30% of the population are still exposed to a day-night average of traffic noise exceeding 55 dB(A). [4] The noise exposure seems to be worsening when compared with the 15% of the population exposed to levels above 65 dB(A) in the early eighties. [5] Furthermore, European surveys have reported that nearly one-third of the working population is exposed to noise during daily work. [6] There is biological [7],[8] and epidemiological evidence [9],[10] pointing out to the possibility that chronic noise exposure may increase the cardiovascular risk. Road traffic noise is considered to be one of the most important sources of noise annoyance in the community. [11] Several models have been proposed to explain the effects of noise on human health. [5] The hypothesis of an increased cardiovascular risk by chronic noise exposure is based almost entirely on the general stress model. [12],[13],[14] While noise exposure can be described with physical measures, noise annoyance is a subjective parameter considered to reflect the internal exposure to noise. Noise annoyance may be a connecting point between noise as a physical stimulus and physiological/pathophysiological actions that it produces in human organism.
There is only limited information on the relationship between noise annoyance from road traffic and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Available studies on the relationship between noise annoyance from road traffic and cardiovascular diseases have given contradictory results or have been inconclusive due to failure to reach the level of statistical significance. Although the epidemiological evidence pointing out to the existence of an association between annoyance caused by road traffic noise and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases has recently increased, [9],[15] the current level of evidence could be considered supportive rather than definitive. Thus, to further assess the association between noise annoyance and cardiovascular diseases, we used the meta-analytic methodology to summarize the results of individual studies. The primary objective of our meta-analysis was to assess whether there is an association between noise annoyance from road traffic noise and cardiovascular diseases - arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction and angina pectoris) - in adults.
| Methods | | |
Search strategy
This meta-analysis was conducted following the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group guideline standards. [16] Medline (accessed by PubMed), Chochrane, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched in November 2009 for publications that reported the association between noise annoyance and arterial hypertension or ischemic heart disease. No restriction in time was imposed. To identify these publications, these data sources were searched with the following terms: noise annoyance, road traffic or transportation, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and arterial hypertension. The reference lists of the retrieved studies were searched for further publications. Because of the low number of identified publications, in addition, the reference lists of two meta-analyses on the association between noise exposure and cardiovascular diseases were searched. [9],[10]
Criteria for study selection
For this meta-analysis, original studies that have reported the influence of noise annoyance from road traffic noise on arterial hypertension or ischemic heart disease were included. Studies on noise annoyance from other sources (occupational, industry, air, railway or neighborhood noise) were not included in this meta-analysis.
Inclusion criteria
To be included in the meta-analysis, studies had to report 1) as exposure: noise annoyance, quantified either as "annoyed versus non-annoyed" or with various scales such as 5-step "ICBEN scale" [17] collected by standardized questionnaires; and 2) as outcome: arterial hypertension or ischemic heart disease by the following criteria: a) diagnosis by a physician; b) being under active treatment with specific drug; c) having evidence through physical examination of the subjects and laboratory measurements (blood samples, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic or blood pressure measurement) and d) through self-report; 3) the investigation had to be performed in the adult population only (age > 18 years); 4) the studies had to have as effect size odds ratios or relative risk.
Exclusion criteria
Excluded from the meta-analysis were: 1) studies that have evaluated noise exposure only with physical characteristics (strength, intensity, distance from the source); 2) studies without quantification of noise annoyance or health outcome; 3) children studies (participants under 18 years of age as accepted by the American Academy of Pediatrics). Children were excluded for two reasons: first, cardiovascular diseases are extremely rare in children and second, the findings in children are difficult to interpret with regard to possible health effects in their later life. [10] 4) Studies in which the association between noise annoyance and cardiovascular disease was reported as a mean difference or correlation were not included.
Data extraction and validity assessment
For data collection, data extraction sheets were developed and the following information was obtained for each study.
- Descriptive data: author, year of publication, location, study design, study population (number, sex, age, and participants' characteristics), exposure (scale, duration), outcome (arterial hypertension, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction), outcome assessment (definitive or probable confirmation).
- Effect size: odds ratio, relative risk with 95% confidence interval (CI).
- Data on quality of studies: The study quality was assessed by publication type (3 = peer-reviewed article, 0 = not peer reviewed), study design (1 = cross sectional, 2 = case-control, 3 = cohort), validity of outcome assessment (0 = self-report, 3 = diagnosis by a physician or physical examination), control of confounding variables (0 = no control, 1 = age and sex only, 2 = in addition, one or several major cardiovascular risk factors, 3 = in addition, other factors), and response rate (0 = <80%, 3 = ≥80%).
The total score was assessed as: very good ≥10 points, good 6-9 points and fair ≤5 points. Studies were selected and data were extracted independently by two reviewers (DT and AN). Disagreements were resolved by consensus.
Statistical analysis
From the cardiovascular diseases, association between noise annoyance and the risk of arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction or angina pectoris) was investigated. The selected effect size was odds ratio or relative risk with 95% CIs because these effect sizes were most commonly reported in studies. When odds ratios were reported for several annoyance scales, those comparing most distant scales (i.e., scales 5 to 1 in a 5-scale rating) were included in this meta-analysis. In studies that have performed separate analyses for day and nighttime, the odds ratios for nighttime were obtained and included in the analysis. When information on nighttime was missing, odds ratio(s) for daytime were included into the analysis. Due to differences in design, study populations and in used noise annoyance scale(s), both a fixed and a random effects model, according to the method of DerSimonian and Laird, was used. [18] Heterogeneity was explored using the chi-square test. The quantity of heterogeneity across studies was measured by the I2 statistic as proposed by Higgins. [19] Heterogeneity in studies was considered as low when I2 less than 25%, as moderate when I2 was between 25% and 50%, and high when I2 was greater than 50%. [19] Publication bias was assessed with respect to the primary outcome of interest using the Begg adjusted rank correlation test according to the method of Begg and Mazumdar [20] and regression asymmetry test by Egger et al. [21] The funnel plots were constructed to evaluate publication bias. A sensitivity analysis was performed by assessing the contribution of individual studies to the summary effect estimate with respect to the primary outcome. This was done by excluding each trial, one at a time, and computing meta-analysis estimates for the remaining studies. Results were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata software, version 9.2 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA).
| Results | | |
Eligible studies
Of the 271 potentially relevant studies after title and abstract evaluation, reference and related articles' search and an unpublished meta-analysis, an initial 19 studies were identified. Of them, 11 studies were excluded for various reasons [Figure 1]. Thus, eight studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. [22],[23],[24],[25],[26],[27],[28],[29] Characteristics of the included studies are shown in [Table 1]. Of them, six studies had a cross-sectional design, one study had a case-control design and one study was a cohort study. Three studies included only male participants, whereas the remaining five studies included both male and female subjects. The sample sizes of studies varied from 375 to 4320 subjects and the included subjects were from 18 to 90 years of age. The cardiovascular outcome was arterial hypertension in six studies, myocardial infarction in seven studies and angina pectoris in four studies. In six studies, more than one outcome was investigated. All the studies were adjusted for potential confounding variables, which varied from 3 variables (in the studies by Lercher et al. [23] and Bellojevic et al. [25] ) to 11 variables (in the study by Babisch et al.). [28] | Table 1: Main characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis on noise annoyance and cardiovascular diseases
Click here to view |
As shown in [Table 2], six of eight included studies were published in peer-reviewed journals. Response rate was reported in six studies and varied from 62 to 86%. [Table 2] summarizes the data on quality assessment. | Table 2: Assessment of methodological quality of studies included in the meta-analysis on noise annoyance and cardiovascular diseases
Click here to view |
[Table 3] shows the results of the individual studies. Noise annoyance was mostly assessed using a 5-point scale, but in analysis, categories were often combined. The reference category mostly consisted of participants who reported to be not at all or only little annoyed, while the most distant category in general included participants who reported being pretty much, very or strongly annoyed. However, in two studies, the most distant category included in addition moderately annoyed subjects, and in one study odds ratios were only given per unit on a 5-point scale.
Noise annoyance and arterial hypertension
The relationship between noise annoyance and arterial hypertension was investigated in six studies [Table 3]. In one study, the association between noise annoyance and arterial hypertension was investigated only in male participants, in three studies male and female participants were analyzed together, and two studies provided separate analyses for male and female participants. One study performed separate analyses according to age of participants, 18-59 years and over 60 years. There was a significant positive association between noise annoyance and the increased risk of arterial hypertension. The pooled risk estimate for association between noise annoyance and arterial hypertension was 1.16 with 95% CI 1.02, and 1.29 using the random effects model; P = 0.006 [Figure 2]. The analysis of sensitivity through exclusion of the studies one-by-one and calculating the pooled estimate for those remaining yielded similar overall estimates (from 1.11 to 1.56). | Figure 2: Forest plot of the association between noise annoyance from road traffic and the risk of arterial hypertension (Est = risk estimate; CI = confidence interval. M = males; F = females)
Click here to view |
Noise annoyance and ischemic heart disease
The relationship between noise annoyance and ischemic heart disease was investigated in all included studies. In seven studies, the outcome was defined as myocardial infarction and in one study, a broader definition including moderate Q waves was applied. In one study, noise annoyance was deleted from the statistical model due to an automatic variable selection process, and thus, no risk estimate was given. Two studies provided separate analyses for male and female participants and one study provided separate analyses according to age groups between 18 and 59 years and over 60 years. The pooled risk estimate of the association between noise annoyance and ischemic heart disease was 1.07 with 95% CI 0.99-1.14 and P = 0.055, showing the existence of a strong trend for an association between noise annoyance and ischemic heart disease. The forest plot is shown in [Figure 3]. | Figure 3: Forest plot of the association between noise annoyance from road traffic and the risk of ischemic heart disease (Est = risk estimate; CI = confidence interval. M = males; F = females)
Click here to view |
In one study, [28] the association between noise annoyance and myocardial infarction was reported for nighttime and daytime separately. In sensitivity analysis, we repeated the calculation of the overall estimate by using the daytime results of this study [OR of 1.04 (0.97-1.12) for men and 1.03 (0.90-1.18) for women] and reached a pooled estimate of 1.04 (0.98-1.10), heterogeneity I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.94. The sensitivity analysis yielded similar overall risk estimates after exclusion of individual studies one-by-one (overall risk estimates between 1.01 and 1.10).
Publication bias
There was no evidence of publication bias in the included studies either for association between noise annoyance and arterial hypertension (P = 0.97 by Egger's test) or ischemic heart disease (P = 0.99 by Egger's test). The funnel plots are shown in [Figure 4]. | Figure 4: Funnel plot of publication bias in studies of the association between noise annoyance from road traffic and arterial hypertension (top panel) or ischemic heart disease (bottom panel)
Click here to view |
| Discussion | | |
The findings of this meta-analysis provide an indication of the existence of an association between noise annoyance and cardiovascular diseases. With regard to arterial hypertension, the current meta-analysis showed the existence of a significant positive association between the noise annoyance scale and this cardiovascular disorder. On the other hand, we observed a positive, yet statistically insignificant, association between the noise annoyance and the risk of ischemic heart disease. The low degree of heterogeneity between the included studies and the lack of publication bias are reassuring that the findings of current meta-analysis are not influenced by these two factors.
Evidence from other studies
Other studies which are not included in this meta-analysis due to methodological reasons suggest the existence of a positive association between noise annoyance and risk of cardiovascular diseases. [31],[32],[33],[34],[35],[36] Neus et al. [32] demonstrated that noise sensitive subjects annoyed by road traffic showed higher increases of blood pressure and that there was a significant association between subjective reaction to noise and frequency of antihypertensive treatment in the control area. Herbold et al. [33] using subjective rating of type of road reported a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension in roads with high exposure to noise compared to roads with low exposure to noise [adjusted odds ratio 1.32 (1.02-1.71)]. Ising et al. [34] studying occupational noise reported a progressive increase in the relative risk for myocardial infarction from a relative risk of 1.0 (reference) for low noise category (refrigerator/typewriter) to 3.8 (2.68-5.44) for high noise (pneumatic drill) category. A recent study by Björk et al. [35] showed that in annoyed subjects from road traffic noise, there is a significant association between average noise level and treatment for arterial hypertension in the last 12 months (7.9% in low noise level vs. 14.7% in high noise level; P = 0.02). Erikson et al. [36] investigating the impact of noise from air traffic found increased risk of arterial hypertension in not annoyed subjects. To explain this controversial finding, they suggested that concomitant exposure of these subjects to noise from other sources may have interfered. [36]
Thus, the results of these studies and the current meta-analysis demonstrate the existence of a positive association between annoyance caused by road traffic and risk of cardiovascular diseases. In a broader prospect, the results of current meta-analysis as well as the recent meta-analysis by van Kempen [9] and the recent review by Babisch [10] increase the evidence on the impact of noise, estimated either by objective (sound level assessment) or internal exposure (annoyance) on the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in community.
Biological mechanisms
There is evidence that internal reaction to noise exposure or noise annoyance is related to the activation of autonomous nervous system and neuroendocrine system, resulting in the elevation of circulating catecholamine and cortisol levels. Irrespective of their triggering source, arousal of sympathetic nervous system increases the circulating levels of catecholamines which increase blood pressure (as an acute effect), and through their properties to increase cardiac output and cause vascular hypertrophy, [37] predispose for fixed increase in blood pressure and arterial hypertension if prolonged in time. Apart from causing arterial hypertension, disproportional and prolonged activation of sympathetic nervous system causes cardiac hypertrophy, reduction in plasma volume, increased vascular hypertrophy, changes in hematocrit and blood platelets predisposing for thrombosis, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia predisposing for coronary artery disease, and coronary spasm and endothelial dysfunction predisposing for acute coronary syndromes such as acute myocardial infarction. [37],[38],[39] An increase in adrenergic drive may have deteterious effects on renal circulation, favoring blood pressure elevation through an increase in sodium resorption. [40]
Elevated levels of cortisol may cause arterial hypertension through activation of rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, [41] enhancement of cardiovascular inotropic and pressor activity of catecholamines and other vasoactive substances, [42] and suppression of vasodilator substances such as nitric oxide, kallikrein and prostacyclin, [43],[44] which leads to increases in peripheral vascular resistance. Moreover, chronically elevated cortisol level leads to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia which is involved in the promotion of atherogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. [45]
Apart from the elevation of circulating levels of stress hormones, noise exposure causes other metabolic alterations, in particular, alterations in blood lipids which are more pronounced in noise annoyed subjects. [46] Hypothetically, it may be said that noise annoyance by being an internal reaction to noise exposure, as is the case with stress hormones and mediators and lipid alterations, may be considered as an estimate of overall internal exposure to noise.
Limitations
We recognize that the current meta-analysis has several limitations. While we employed an intensive literature search, we were only able to find few studies on this issue. Because of the low number of publications, subgroup analyses, specifically separate analyses for males and females or for specific study types, were not possible. The results with respect to ischemic heart disease are influenced heavily (by 64%) by the results for males in one large study. [26] After exclusion of this study, the association between noise annoyance and ischemic heart disease was further attenuated (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.88-1.13). Furthermore, the pooled risk estimate was slightly reduced when the results for daytime annoyance were used instead of nighttime annoyance from this study. [28] However, it might be argued that particularly for employed subjects, nighttime noise annoyance may be more important, since during night, more time is spend at home than during the daytime. Most of the included studies had a cross-sectional design. It is known that cross-sectional studies are suboptimal for searching the cause of diseases since the simultaneous collection of data cannot establish the chronology of exposure and disease. Although all studies included in this meta-analysis performed adjustment for a various number of potential confounders and all risk estimates were adjusted, the list of cardiovascular risk factors included in these studies was incomplete. No adjustment for actual noise levels was provided, which would be counterproductive since the adjustment for noise level as an important predictor of annoyance could produce spuriously negative results. The evaluation of the association between noise annoyance and disease status independent of noise level was not the aim of the meta-analysis. Of note, Babisch et al. [26] have demonstrated that pre-existing cardiovascular disease is an important modifier of the relation between noise annoyance and health outcomes. In subjects with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, adjusted odds ratio in subjects often plus always annoyed versus those never annoyed was 2.45 (95% CI 1.13-5.31) compared with 0.95 (0.52-1.75) in subjects without pre-existing ischemic heart disease. [26] Along the same lines, it has been reported that occupational noise affects the resting blood pressure, especially in subjects with a familial history for arterial hypertension. [47] The exaggerated effects of noise annoyance on cardiovascular disease in subjects with pre-existing disease, as reported in these studies, may be explained by inherent susceptibility of these subjects due to either reduced reserve to cope with noise stress or to further increases in psychophysiological arousal which may be already higher in subjects with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Alternatively, subjects with pre-existing disease may give exaggerated answers about their annoyance status, a modality that raises the possibility of recall bias which is an important limitation of studies based on subjective ratings. [26] Especially in case of association between noise annoyance and arterial hypertension, the possibility of an inverse association between noise annoyance and arterial hypertension, i.e., hypertension-induced annoyance cannot be excluded. Although noise annoyance was assessed by a 5-point scale in most studies, the extreme ends of the scale (highest vs. lowest) are most frequently compared. Thus, the assessment of cardiovascular outcome across the entire scale allowing a risk calculation per unit of noise annoyance scale could not be performed. Hence, a dose-effect relationship, which is an important tool in investigating the causality of the relationship between noise annoyance and cardiovascular disease, cannot be assessed in this meta-analysis. The interpretation of the pooled estimate is hindered by the different comparison categories used in the individual studies. Looking at [Table 3], an interpretation of the pooled estimator in terms of the relative risk of subjects reporting "strong or extreme annoyance" versus subjects reporting "no or little annoyance" seems to be the most plausible and a conservative approach to quantification. In some studies, the outcome was subjectively (self-reported) assessed which might have resulted in overreporting, especially for arterial hypertension. As the overreporting most probably is non-differential, i.e., is not associated with exposure status, this misclassification will result in a bias toward a null effect.
| Conclusions | | |
The results of this meta-analysis suggest the existence of a positive and significant association between noise annoyance from road traffic and arterial hypertension. Specifically, this meta-analysis showed that subjects exposed to higher categories of noise annoyance had a significant 15.5% increase in risk of arterial hypertension and a nearly significant 7% increase in the risk of ischemic heart disease. Although the current meta-analysis provides an indication for the existence of an association between noise annoyance and increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, additional studies are needed to further confirm the casual relationship between noise annoyance and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, impact of age and sex and other potential modifiers as well as investigation of a dose-response relationship remain an object of future studies.
| References | | |
| 1. | Cardiovascular diseases. Fact sheet N°317 (February 2007). Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/print.html [last accessed on 2008 Oct 26]. 
|
| 2. | Hunink MG, Goldman L, Tosteson AN, Mittleman MA, Goldman PA, Williams LW, et al. The recent decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, 1980-1990. The effect of secular trends in risk factors and treatment. JAMA 1997;277:535-42.
|
| 3. | Morris RW, Whincup PH, Lampe FC, Walker M, Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG. Geographic variation in incidence of coronary heart disease in Britain: The contribution of established risk factors. Heart 2001;86:277-83.
|
| 4. | World Health Organization: Transport-related health effects with particular focus on children. Geneva 2004.
|
| 5. | Lercher P. Environmental noise and health: An integrated research perspective. Environ Int 1995;22:117-29.
|
| 6. | Paoli P, Merllié D. Third European survey on working conditions 2000. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2001.
|
| 7. | Ising H, Braun C. Acute and chronic endocrine effects of noise: Review of the research conducted at the Institute for Water, Soil and Air Hygiene. Noise Health 2000;2:7-24.
[PUBMED]  |
| 8. | Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B. Noise-induced endocrine effects and cardiovascular risk. Noise Health 1999;1:37-48.
[PUBMED] |
| 9. | van Kempen EE, Kruize H, Boshuizen HC, Ameling CB, Staatsen BA, de Hollander AE. The association between noise exposure and blood pressure and ischemic heart disease: A meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110:307-17.
|
| 10. | Babisch W. Transportation noise and cardiovascular risk: Updated review and synthesis of epidemiological studies indicate that the evidence has increased. Noise Health 2006;8:1-29.
[PUBMED] |
| 11. | Michaud DS, Keith SE, McMurchy D. Noise annoyance in Canada. Noise Health 2005;7:39-47.
[PUBMED] |
| 12. | Selye H. The stress of life. New York: McFraw-Hill; 1953.
|
| 13. | Björntorp P. Stress and cardiovascular disease. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 1997;640:144-8.
|
| 14. | Henry JP. Biological basis of the stress response. Integr Physiol Behav Sci 1992;27:66-83.
|
| 15. | Jarup L, Babisch W, Houthuijs D, Pershagen G, Katsouyanni K, Cadum E, et al. Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports: The HYENA study. Environ Health Perspect 2008;116:329-33.
|
| 16. | Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: A proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000;283:2008-12.
|
| 17. | Fields JM, d Jong RG, Gjestland T, Flindell IH, Job RF, Kurra S, et al. Standardized general-purpose noise reaction questions for community noise surveys: Research and a recommendation. J Sound Vib 2001;242:641-79.
|
| 18. | DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986;7:177-88.
|
| 19. | Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003;327:557-60.
|
| 20. | Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics 1994;50:1088-101.
|
| 21. | Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in metaanalysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997;315:629-34.
|
| 22. | Babisch W, Ising H, Kruppa B, Wiens D. Verkehrslärm und Herzinfarkt, Ergebnisse zweier Fall-Kontroll-Studien in Berlin. WaBoLu-Hefte 2/1992. Berlin: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene, Umweltbundesamt.
|
| 23. | Lercher P, Kofler WW. Komplexe Antworten auf Umweltbelastungen am Beispiel der Tyrol Österreichischen Transitverkehrsstudie. Bundesgesundhbl 1995;38:95-101.
|
| 24. | Bellach B, Dortschy R, Müller D, Ziese T. Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen von Lärmbelastung - Methodische Betrachtungen zu den Ergebnissen dreier epidemiologischer Studien. Bundesgesundheitsbl 1995;38:84-9.
|
| 25. | Belojevic G, Saric-Tanaskovic M. Prevalence of arterial hypertension and myocardial infarction in relation to subjective ratings of traffic noise exposure. Noise Health 2002;4:33-7.
[PUBMED] |
| 26. | Babisch W, Ising H, Gallacher JE. Health status as a potential effect modifier of the relation between noise annoyance and incidence of ischaemic heart disease. Occup Environ Med 2003;60:739-45.
|
| 27. | Maschke C, Wolf U, Leitmann T. Epidemiological examinations of the influence of noise stress on the immune system and the emergence of arteriosclerosis. Report 298 62 515 (in German, executive summary in English), WaBoLu-Hefte 01/03. Berlin: Umweltbundesamt. 2003.
|
| 28. | Babisch W, Beule B, Schust M, Kersten N, Ising H. Traffic noise and risk of myocardial infarction. Epidemiology 2005;16:33-40.
|
| 29. | Niemann H, Bonnefoy X, Braubach M, Hecht K, Maschke C, Rodrigues C, et al. Noise-induced annoyance and morbidity results from the pan-European LARES study. Noise Health 2006;8:63-79.
[PUBMED] |
| 30. | Müller D, Kahl H, Dortschy R, Bellach B. Umwelteinwirkungen und Beschwerdenhäufigkeit, Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie. SozEp-Hefte 2/1994. I, editor. Berlin: Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, Bundesgesundheitsamt.
|
| 31. | Willich SN, Wegscheider K, Stallmann M, Keil T. Noise burden and the risk of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2006;27:276-82.
|
| 32. | Neus H, Rüdel H, Schulte W. Traffic noise and hypertension: An epidemiological Study on the role of subjective reactions. Int Arch Occup Health 1983;51:223-9.
|
| 33. | Herbold M, Hense HW, Keil U. Effects of road traffic noise on prevalence of hypertension in men: Results of the Lübeck blood pressure study. Soz Praventivmed 1989;34:19-23.
|
| 34. | Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B, Lindthammer A, Wiens D. Subjective work noise: A major risk factor in myocardial infarction. Soz Praventivmed 1997;42:216-22.
|
| 35. | Björk J, Ardö J, Stroh E, Lövkvist H, Ostergren PO, Albin M. Road traffic noise in southern Sweden and its relation to annoyance, disturbance of daily activities and health. Scand J Work Environ Health 2006;32:392-401.
|
| 36. | Eriksson C, Rosenlund M, Pershagen G, Hilding A, Ostenson CG, Bluhm G. Aircraft noise and incidence of hypertension. Epidemiology 2007;18:716-21.
|
| 37. | Pauletto P, Sarzani R, Rappelli A, Pessina AC, Sartore S. Vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation and growth response in hypertension. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, editors. Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Raven Press Publishers; 1995. p. 697-709.
|
| 38. | Julius S. The evidence for a pathophysiologic significance of the sympathetic overactivity in hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 1996;18:305-21.
|
| 39. | Mancia G, Bousquet P, Elghozi JL, Esler M, Grassi G, Julius S, et al. The sympathetic nervous system and the metabolic syndrome. J Hypertens 2007;25:909-20.
|
| 40. | Grassi G, Mancia G. Hyperadrenergic and labile hypertension. In: Lip GH, Hall J, editors. Comprehensive hypertension. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2007. p. 719-26.
|
| 41. | Suzuki H, Handa M, Kondo K, Saruta T. Role of renin-angiotensin system in glucocorticoid hypertension in rats. Am J Physiol 1982;243:E48-51.
|
| 42. | Saruta T, Suzuki H, Handa M, Igarashi Y, Kondo K, Senba S. Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in Cushing′s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;62:275-9.
|
| 43. | Handa M, Kondo K, Suzuki H, Saruta T. Urinary prostaglandin E2 and kallikrein excretion in glucocorticoid hypertension in rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 1983;65:37-42.
|
| 44. | Kelly JJ, Tam SH, Williamson PM, Lawson J, Whitworth JA. The nitric oxide system and cortisol-induced hypertension in humans. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1998;25:945-6.
|
| 45. | Rizza RA, Mandarino LJ, Gerich JE. Cortisol-induced insulin resistance in man: Impaired suppression of glucose production and stimulation of glucose utilization due to a postreceptor detect of insulin action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982;54:131-8.
|
| 46. | Melamed S, Froom P, Kristal-Boneh E, Gofer D, Ribak J. Industrial noise exposure, noise annoyance, and serum lipid levels in blue-collar workers-the CORDIS Study. Arch Environ Health 1997;52:292-8.
|
| 47. | Theorell T. Familial history of hypertension: An individual trait interacting with spontaneously job stressors. Scand J Work Environ Health 1990;16:74-9.
|
Correspondence Address:
Dorothee Twardella
Department of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538 München
Germany
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/1463-1741.80163
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4]
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3] |
|
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
A study on the impact of road traffic noise exposure on work efficiency of housewives |
|
| Towseef Ahmed Gilani, Mohammad Shafi Mir, Mohammad Idrees Gilani | | Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2023; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
The co-benefits of electric mobility in reducing traffic noise and chemical air pollution: Insights from a transit-oriented city |
|
| Ka Ho Tsoi, Becky P.Y. Loo, Xiangyi Li, Kai Zhang | | Environment International. 2023; 178: 108116 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
Evaluation of Lung Functions, Blood Pressure, and Hearing Deterioration in Tile Setters |
|
| Vibha Gangwar, Nitin John, Manish Verma, Jyoti John, Rajani Bala Jasrotia, Amita Singh | | Cureus. 2023; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 4 |
The state-of-the-art of practice of traffic noise regulations in Ghana |
|
| Fidelma Ibili, Charles A Adams, Atinuke O Adebanji, Samuel A Andam-Akorful | | Noise & Vibration Worldwide. 2023; : 0957456523 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 5 |
Systemic health effects of noise exposure |
|
| Li Yang, Daniel E. Gutierrez, O’neil W. Guthrie | | Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. 2023; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
Entrapment of Airborne Particles via Simulated Highway Noise-Induced Piezoelectricity in PMMA and EPDM |
|
| Mengyao Lyu, Som V. Thomas, Heng Wei, Julian Wang, Tiina A. Reponen, Patrick H. Ryan, Donglu Shi | | Energies. 2022; 15(14): 4935 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 7 |
Traffic Noise and Ambient Air Pollution Are Risk Factorsfor Preeclampsia |
|
| Natalya Bilenko, Michal Ashin, Michael Friger, Laura Fischer, Ruslan Sergienko, Eyal Sheiner | | Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(15): 4552 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 8 |
Noise annoyance and risk of prevalent and incident atrial fibrillation–A sex-specific analysis |
|
| Omar Hahad, Manfred E. Beutel, Donya A. Gilan, Julian Chalabi, Alexander K. Schuster, Emilio Gianicolo, Karl J. Lackner, Klaus Lieb, Peter R. Galle, Philipp S. Wild, Andreas Daiber, Thomas Münzel | | Frontiers in Public Health. 2022; 10 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 9 |
Evaluation of change in heart rate variability due to different soundscapes |
|
| Manish Manohare, Bhavya Garg, E Rajasekar, Manoranjan Parida | | Noise Mapping. 2022; 9(1): 234 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 10 |
The relationship between community noise and arterial hypertension in the population of the city of Niš |
|
| Ljiljana Stošic, Dušica Stojanovic, Konstansa Lazarevic | | Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis. 2022; 39(4): 484 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 11 |
Experimental Study on the Effect of Urban Road Traffic Noise on Heart Rate Variability of Noise-Sensitive People |
|
| Chao Cai, Yanan Xu, Yan Wang, Qikun Wang, Lu Liu | | Frontiers in Psychology. 2022; 12 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 12 |
Traffic Flow Detection Using Camera Images and Machine Learning Methods in ITS for Noise Map and Action Plan Optimization |
|
| Luca Fredianelli, Stefano Carpita, Marco Bernardini, Lara Ginevra Del Pizzo, Fabio Brocchi, Francesco Bianco, Gaetano Licitra | | Sensors. 2022; 22(5): 1929 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 13 |
Physical Properties and Environmental Impact of Sound Barrier Materials Based on Fly Ash Cenosphere |
|
| Hui Xie, Yajing Li, Ercan Kahya, Bo Wang, Xiyun Ge, Guanda Li | | Buildings. 2022; 12(3): 322 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 14 |
Bibliometric analysis and review of auditory and non-auditory health impact due to road traffic noise exposure |
|
| Manish Manohare, E. Rajasekar, Manoranjan Parida, Sunali Vij | | Noise Mapping. 2022; 9(1): 67 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 15 |
The Evaluation of Conventional, Electric and Hybrid Electric Passenger Car Pass-By Noise Annoyance Using Psychoacoustical Properties |
|
| M. Ercan Altinsoy | | Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(10): 5146 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 16 |
Psychophysiological Impacts of Traffic Sounds in Urban Green Spaces |
|
| Boya Yu, Jie Bai, Linjie Wen, Yuying Chai | | Forests. 2022; 13(6): 960 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 17 |
Study on quantification of stress according to sound pressure level of road noise: Case of salivary cortisol and heart rate |
|
| Kyungho Jeon, Jong-Seok Oh | | Applied Acoustics. 2022; 192: 108695 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 18 |
Noise exposure and risk of myocardial infarction incidence and mortality: a dose–response meta-analysis |
|
| Yifang Liu, Shijiao Yan, Li Zou, Jing Wen, Wenning Fu | | Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 19 |
Influence of heavy vehicle operation on walkability from pedestrians’ perspective in Krishnanagar Municipality, India |
|
| Sushmita Biswas, Koel Roychowdhury | | Case Studies on Transport Policy. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 20 |
Spatial and sociodemographic determinants of community loudness perception |
|
| Nina F. Lee, Jonathan I. Levy, Marcos Luna, Erica D. Walker | | Applied Acoustics. 2022; 186: 108459 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 21 |
Lärmbelästigung in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung |
|
| Omar Hahad, Manfred Beutel, Matthias Michal, Andreas Schulz, Norbert Pfeiffer, Emilio Gianicolo, Karl Lackner, Philipp Wild, Andreas Daiber, Thomas Münzel | | Herz. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 22 |
Urban soundscape categorization based on individual recognition, perception, and assessment of sound environments |
|
| Hyun In Jo, Jin Yong Jeon | | Landscape and Urban Planning. 2021; 216: 104241 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 23 |
A study on the assessment of traffic noise induced annoyance and awareness levels about the potential health effects among residents living around a noise-sensitive area |
|
| Towseef Ahmed Gilani, Mohammad Shafi Mir | | Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28(44): 63045 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 24 |
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic noise and asthma incidence in adults: The Danish Nurse cohort |
|
| Shuo Liu, Youn-Hee Lim, Marie Pedersen, Jeanette T. Jørgensen, Heresh Amini, Thomas Cole-Hunter, Amar J. Mehta, Rina So, Laust H. Mortensen, Rudi G.J. Westendorp, Steffen Loft, Elvira V. Bräuner, Matthias Ketzel, Ole Hertel, Jørgen Brandt, Steen S. Jensen, Jesper H. Christensen, Torben Sigsgaard, Camilla Geels, Lise M. Frohn, Maja Brboric, Jelena Radonic, Maja Turk Sekulic, Klaus Bønnelykke, Claus Backalarz, Mette K. Simonsen, Zorana J. Andersen | | Environment International. 2021; 152: 106464 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 25 |
Association of Noise Annoyance with Measured Renal Hemodynamic Changes |
|
| Dennis Kannenkeril, Susanne Jung, Christian Ott, Kristina Striepe, Julie Kolwelter, Roland E. Schmieder, Agnes Bosch | | Kidney and Blood Pressure Research. 2021; 46(3): 323 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 26 |
Home environment and noise disturbance in a national sample of multi-family buildings in Sweden-associations with medical symptoms |
|
| Juan Wang, Dan Norbäck | | BMC Public Health. 2021; 21(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 27 |
Noise annoyance, sociodemographic and health patterns, and neighborhood perceptions in a Brazilian metropolis: BH Health Study |
|
| Fernanda Abalen Martins Dias, Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa, Dário Alves da Silva Costa, César Coelho Xavier, Fernando Augusto Proietti, Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche | | Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 2021; 24 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 28 |
Multilevel Annoyance Modelling of Short Environmental Sound Recordings |
|
| Ferran Orga, Andrew Mitchell, Marc Freixes, Francesco Aletta, Rosa Ma Alsina-Pagès, Maria Foraster | | Sustainability. 2021; 13(11): 5779 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 29 |
Effect of Road and Railway Sound on Psychological and Physiological Responses in an Office Environment |
|
| Boya Yu, Linjie Wen, Jie Bai, Yuying Chai | | Buildings. 2021; 12(1): 6 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 30 |
Blood pressure response to noise in children and adolescents |
|
| Christina Antza, Stella Stabouli | | The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2020; 22(8): 1442 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 31 |
Roads as a contributor to landscape-scale variation in bird communities |
|
| Sophia C. Cooke, Andrew Balmford, Paul F. Donald, Stuart E. Newson, Alison Johnston | | Nature Communications. 2020; 11(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 32 |
Evaluation of extreme traffic noise as hazardous living environment factor in Saint Petersburg |
|
| Olga Lozhkina, Vladimir Lozhkin, Ivan Vorontsov, Petr Druzhinin | | Transportation Research Procedia. 2020; 50: 389 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 33 |
The associations between noise annoyance and psychological distress with blood pressure in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study |
|
| Negin Badihian, Roya Riahi, Mostafa Qorbani, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh, Ramin Heshmat, Roya Kelishadi | | The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2020; 22(8): 1434 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 34 |
Nächtliche Verkehrslärmbelästigung in Deutschland: individuelle und regionale Unterschiede in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie |
|
| Kathrin Wolf, Ute Kraus, Mihovil Dzolan, Gabriele Bolte, Tobia Lakes, Tamara Schikowski, Karin Halina Greiser, Oliver Kuß, Wolfgang Ahrens, Fabian Bamberg, Heiko Becher, Klaus Berger, Hermann Brenner, Stefanie Castell, Antje Damms-Machado, Beate Fischer, Claus-Werner Franzke, Sylvia Gastell, Kathrin Günther, Bernd Holleczek, Lina Jaeschke, Rudolf Kaaks, Thomas Keil, Yvonne Kemmling, Lilian Krist, Nicole Legath, Michael Leitzmann, Wolfgang Lieb, Markus Loeffler, Claudia Meinke-Franze, Karin B. Michels, Rafael Mikolajczyk, Susanne Moebus, Ulrich Mueller, Nadia Obi, Tobias Pischon, Wolfgang Rathmann, Sabine Schipf, Börge Schmidt, Matthias Schulze, Inke Thiele, Sigrid Thierry, Sabina Waniek, Claudia Wigmann, Kerstin Wirkner, Johannes Zschocke, Annette Peters, Alexandra Schneider | | Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz. 2020; 63(3): 332 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 35 |
Pollution status and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust of Tyumen city, Russia |
|
| Elizaveta Konstantinova, Tatiana Minkina, Alexandr Konstantinov, Svetlana Sushkova, Elena Antonenko, Alina Kurasova, Sergey Loiko | | Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 36 |
Current State-of-the-Art and New Directions in Strategic Environmental Noise Mapping |
|
| Enda Murphy, Jon Paul Faulkner, Owen Douglas | | Current Pollution Reports. 2020; 6(2): 54 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 37 |
Ambient Air Pollution, Noise, and Late-Life Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk |
|
| Kimberly C. Paul, Mary Haan, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda, Beate R. Ritz | | Annual Review of Public Health. 2019; 40(1): 203 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 38 |
The acute effect of exposure to noise on cardiovascular parameters in young adults |
|
| Shih-Yi Lu, Cheng-Lung Lee, Kuei-Yi Lin, Yen-Hui Lin | | Journal of Occupational Health. 2018; 60(4): 289 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 39 |
Associations between psychological stress and smoking, drinking, obesity, and high blood pressure in an upper middle-income country in the African region |
|
| Tanja Chamik, Bharathi Viswanathan, Jude Gedeon, Pascal Bovet | | Stress and Health. 2018; 34(1): 93 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 40 |
Occupational noise exposure and risk of hypertension in an industrial workforce |
|
| Baylah Tessier-Sherman, Deron Galusha, Linda F. Cantley, Mark R. Cullen, Peter M. Rabinowitz, Richard L. Neitzel | | American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2017; 60(12): 1031 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 41 |
Close proximity to busy roads increases the prevalence and onset of cardiac disease – Results from RHINE Tartu |
|
| M. Pindus, H. Orru, L. Modig | | Public Health. 2015; 129(10): 1398 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 42 |
Housing Satisfaction in Finland with Regard to Area, Dwelling Type and Tenure Status |
|
| Maria Pekkonen, Ulla Haverinen-Shaughnessy | | Central European Journal of Public Health. 2015; 23(4): 314 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 43 |
Roadway Proximity and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Women |
|
| Jaime E. Hart, Stephanie E. Chiuve, Francine Laden, Christine M. Albert | | Circulation. 2014; 130(17): 1474 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 44 |
Road traffic noise frequency and prevalent hypertension in Taichung, Taiwan: A cross-sectional study |
|
| Ta-Yuan Chang,Rob Beelen,Su-Fei Li,Tzu-I Chen,Yen-Ju Lin,Bo-Ying Bao,Chiu-Shong Liu | | Environmental Health. 2014; 13(1): 37 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 45 |
Temporal and spatial variability of traffic-related noise in the City of Toronto, Canada |
|
| Fei Zuo,Ye Li,Steven Johnson,James Johnson,Sunil Varughese,Ray Copes,Fuan Liu,Hao Jiang Wu,Rebecca Hou,Hong Chen | | Science of The Total Environment. 2014; 472: 1100 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 46 |
2Loud?: Community mapping of exposure to traffic noise with mobile phones |
|
| Simone Leao,Kok-Leong Ong,Adam Krezel | | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 47 |
Cardiovascular disease mortality among retired workers chronically exposed to intense occupational noise |
|
| Serge Andre Girard,Tony Leroux,René Verreault,Marilène Courteau,Michel Picard,Fernand Turcotte,Julie Baril,Olivier Richer | | International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 48 |
Road traffic noise and hypertension – Accounting for the location of rooms |
|
| Wolfgang Babisch,Gabriele Wölke,Joachim Heinrich,Wolfgang Straff | | Environmental Research. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 49 |
Noise annoyance - A modifier of the association between noise level and cardiovascular health? |
|
| Babisch, W. and Pershagen, G. and Selander, J. and Houthuijs, D. and Breugelmans, O. and Cadum, E. and Vigna-Taglianti, F. and Katsouyanni, K. and Haralabidis, A.S. and Dimakopoulou, K. and Sourtzi, P. and Floud, S. and Hansell, A.L. | | Science of the Total Environment. 2013; 452-453: 50-57 | | [Pubmed] | | | 50 |
Road traffic noise and self-reported sleep disturbance: Results from a cross-sectional study in western India |
|
| Banerjee, D. | | Noise and Vibration Worldwide. 2013; 44(2): 10-17 | | [Pubmed] | | | 51 |
Environmental noise and cardiovascular disease in adults: Research in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and Newly Independent States |
|
| Argalášova-Sobotova, L. and Lekaviciute, J. and Jeram, S. and Å evcÃková, L. and Jurkovicová, J. | | Noise and Health. 2013; 15(62): 22-31 | | [Pubmed] | | | 52 |
Noise annoyance — A modifier of the association between noise level and cardiovascular health? |
|
| Wolfgang Babisch,Göran Pershagen,Jenny Selander,Danny Houthuijs,Oscar Breugelmans,Ennio Cadum,Federica Vigna-Taglianti,Klea Katsouyanni,Alexandros S. Haralabidis,Konstantina Dimakopoulou,Panayota Sourtzi,Sarah Floud,Anna L. Hansell | | Science of The Total Environment. 2013; 452-453: 50 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 53 |
Residential proximity to major roadways and renal function |
|
| S.-H. Lue,G. A. Wellenius,E. H. Wilker,E. Mostofsky,M. A. Mittleman | | Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 2013; 67(8): 629 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 54 |
Road traffic noise and self-reported sleep disturbance: results from a cross-sectional study in western India |
|
| Dibyendu Banerjee | | Noise & Vibration Worldwide. 2013; 44(2): 10 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 55 |
Changes in Traffic Exposure and the Risk of Incident Myocardial Infarction and All-Cause Mortality |
|
| Jaime E. Hart,Eric B. Rimm,Kathryn M. Rexrode,Francine Laden | | Epidemiology. 2013; 24(5): 734 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 56 |
The quantitative relationship between road traffic noise and hypertension |
|
| Elise van Kempen,Wolfgang Babisch | | Journal of Hypertension. 2012; 30(6): 1075 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 57 |
Air pollution and its cardiovascular and other risks |
|
| R. Nicoll,M. Y. Henein | | Journal of Internal Medicine. 2012; 271(5): 429 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 58 |
Noise-induced duodenal lesions: A light and electron microscopy study of the lesions of the rat duodenal mucosa exposed to low frequency noise |
|
| Fonseca, J., Martins dos Santos, J., Oliveira, P., Laranjeira, N., Castelo Branco, N.A.A. | | Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology. 2012; 36(1): 72-77 | | [Pubmed] | | | 59 |
Urban energy, carbon management (low carbon cities) and co-benefits for human health |
|
| Milner, J. and Davies, M. and Wilkinson, P. | | Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2012; 4(4): 338-404 | | [Pubmed] | | | 60 |
The quantitative relationship between road traffic noise and hypertension: A meta-analysis |
|
| Van Kempen, E. and Babisch, W. | | Journal of Hypertension. 2012; 30(6): 1075-1086 | | [Pubmed] | | | 61 |
Air pollution and its cardiovascular and other risks |
|
| Nicoll, R. and Henein, M.Y. | | Journal of Internal Medicine. 2012; 271(5): 429-432 | | [Pubmed] | | | 62 |
Noise-induced duodenal lesions: A light and electron microscopy study of the lesions of the rat duodenal mucosa exposed to low frequency noise |
|
| J. Fonseca,J. Martins dos Santos,P. Oliveira,N. Laranjeira,N.A.A. Castelo Branco | | Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology. 2012; 36(1): 72 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 63 |
Urban energy, carbon management (low carbon cities) and co-benefits for human health |
|
| James Milner,Michael Davies,Paul Wilkinson | | Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2012; 4(4): 398 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 64 |
Road traffic noise: Self-reported noise annoyance versus GIS modelled road traffic noise exposure |
|
| Birk, M., Ivina, O., Von Klot, S., Babisch, W., Heinrich, J. | | Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 2011; 13(11): 3237-3245 | | [Pubmed] | | | 65 |
Road traffic noise: self-reported noise annoyance versus GIS modelled road traffic noise exposure |
|
| Matthias Birk,Olga Ivina,Stephanie von Klot,Wolfgang Babisch,Joachim Heinrich | | Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 2011; 13(11): 3237 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Search Pubmed for
